01 - Whisk egg yolks, whole milk, and vanilla extract in a large bowl until smooth.
02 - Sift all-purpose flour and baking powder into the yolk mixture. Stir gently until just combined; avoid overmixing.
03 - Place egg whites and cream of tartar in a clean bowl. Beat using an electric mixer until foamy. Gradually add granulated sugar, beating to stiff, glossy peaks.
04 - Fold one-third of the meringue into the yolk batter to lighten. Gently fold in remaining meringue in two additions, taking care not to deflate the mixture.
05 - Set a nonstick skillet over low heat and lightly coat with unsalted butter.
06 - Using a large spoon or ice cream scoop, portion batter onto skillet to form 4 tall pancakes.
07 - Add 1 tablespoon water to pan, cover with lid, and steam pancakes for 4 to 5 minutes.
08 - Uncover and gently flip pancakes. Add another tablespoon water, cover again, and cook an additional 4 to 5 minutes until golden and set.
09 - Transfer pancakes gently to serving plates. Serve immediately topped with powdered sugar, maple syrup, fresh berries, or whipped cream as desired.